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Year Number of Results
1962 2
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1964 1
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1966 5
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1968 4
1969 2
1970 1
1971 7
1972 4
1973 6
1974 8
1975 17
1976 9
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1978 5
1979 8
1980 9
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1982 10
1983 10
1984 12
1985 11
1986 8
1987 9
1988 3
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1990 10
1991 5
1992 6
1993 8
1994 14
1995 11
1996 16
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1998 17
1999 17
2000 27
2001 12
2002 25
2003 30
2004 21
2005 19
2006 30
2007 35
2008 28
2009 28
2010 24
2011 32
2012 30
2013 25
2014 24
2015 21
2016 33
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2024 4

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Page 1
Noncontingent reinforcement is an empirically supported treatment for problem behavior exhibited by individuals with developmental disabilities.
Carr JE, Severtson JM, Lepper TL. Carr JE, et al. Res Dev Disabil. 2009 Jan-Feb;30(1):44-57. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.03.002. Epub 2008 May 7. Res Dev Disabil. 2009. PMID: 18467073 Review.
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is a function-based treatment for problem behavior that has produced robust effects across a variety of response topographies and reinforcement functions among individuals with developmental disabilities. ...Fixed-time rei …
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is a function-based treatment for problem behavior that has produced robust effects across a …
Noncontingent reinforcement: Arbitrary versus maintaining reinforcers for escape-maintained problem behavior.
Newman ZA, Roscoe EM, Errera NP, Davis CR. Newman ZA, et al. J Appl Behav Anal. 2021 Jun;54(3):984-1000. doi: 10.1002/jaba.821. Epub 2021 Mar 5. J Appl Behav Anal. 2021. PMID: 33667327
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) involves the delivery of maintaining reinforcers on a time-dependent schedule and often includes extinction. ...For the 4th participant, the maintaining reinforcer was effective during NCR without extinction, but the a …
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) involves the delivery of maintaining reinforcers on a time-dependent schedule and oft …
Noncontingent and differential reinforcement in the treatment of pediatric feeding problems.
Berth DP, Bachmeyer MH, Kirkwood CA, Mauzy CR 4th, Retzlaff BJ, Gibson AL. Berth DP, et al. J Appl Behav Anal. 2019 Jul;52(3):622-641. doi: 10.1002/jaba.562. Epub 2019 Apr 10. J Appl Behav Anal. 2019. PMID: 30972752
We conducted functional analyses of the inappropriate mealtime behavior of 5 children diagnosed with feeding problems. Then, we compared the effects of differential and noncontingent reinforcement, and the relative effects of escape extinction with and without diffe …
We conducted functional analyses of the inappropriate mealtime behavior of 5 children diagnosed with feeding problems. Then, we compared the …
Noncontingent reinforcement competes with response performance.
Kelley ME, Nadler CB, Rey C, Cowie S, Podlesnik CA. Kelley ME, et al. J Exp Anal Behav. 2017 May;107(3):343-353. doi: 10.1002/jeab.255. Epub 2017 Apr 28. J Exp Anal Behav. 2017. PMID: 28453222
Noncontingent reinforcement is a commonly used procedure to decrease levels of problem behavior. ...Overall, greater amounts of noncontingent reinforcement competed with both acquisition and maintenance of alternative responding....
Noncontingent reinforcement is a commonly used procedure to decrease levels of problem behavior. ...Overall, greater amounts o …
Applying Standards of Effectiveness to Noncontingent Reinforcement: A Systematic Literature Review.
Meindl JN, Ivy JW, Glodowski KR, Noordin K. Meindl JN, et al. Behav Modif. 2021 Jul;45(4):619-640. doi: 10.1177/0145445519865073. Epub 2019 Aug 27. Behav Modif. 2021. PMID: 31452379
Noncontingent reinforcement is a time-based schedule of reinforcement that has been shown to decrease problem behavior. ...That is, although the efficacy has been demonstrated, the effectiveness in less controlled settings has not. To evaluate this concern, w …
Noncontingent reinforcement is a time-based schedule of reinforcement that has been shown to decrease problem behavior. …
A review of "noncontingent" reinforcement as treatment for the aberrant behavior of individuals with developmental disabilities.
Carr JE, Coriaty S, Wilder DA, Gaunt BT, Dozier CL, Britton LN, Avina C, Reed CL. Carr JE, et al. Res Dev Disabil. 2000 Sep-Oct;21(5):377-91. doi: 10.1016/s0891-4222(00)00050-0. Res Dev Disabil. 2000. PMID: 11100801 Review.
The term noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) refers to the delivery of an aberrant behavior's known reinforcer on a response-independent basis. The typical result is a decrease in responding from baseline (i.e., reinforcement) levels. NCR has become one …
The term noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) refers to the delivery of an aberrant behavior's known reinforcer on a respo …
Toward a functional analysis of self-injury.
Iwata BA, Dorsey MF, Slifer KJ, Bauman KE, Richman GS. Iwata BA, et al. J Appl Behav Anal. 1994 Summer;27(2):197-209. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197. J Appl Behav Anal. 1994. PMID: 8063622 Free PMC article.
Each condition differed along one or more of the following dimensions: (1) play materials (present vs absent), (2) experimenter demands (high vs low), and (3) social attention (absent vs noncontingent vs contingent). Results showed a great deal of both between and within-s …
Each condition differed along one or more of the following dimensions: (1) play materials (present vs absent), (2) experimenter demands (hig …
Use of noncontingent reinforcement in the treatment of challenging behavior. A review and clinical guide.
Tucker M, Sigafoos J, Bushell H. Tucker M, et al. Behav Modif. 1998 Oct;22(4):529-47. doi: 10.1177/01454455980224005. Behav Modif. 1998. PMID: 9755650 Review.
Recently, noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) has been used to reduce challenging behavior in persons with developmental disabilities. ...Based on this review, a clinical guide for the implementation of NCR is delineated. NCR appears to depend on ensuring that rein …
Recently, noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) has been used to reduce challenging behavior in persons with developmental disabil …
Noncontingent reinforcement for the treatment of severe problem behavior: An analysis of 27 consecutive applications.
Phillips CL, Iannaccone JA, Rooker GW, Hagopian LP. Phillips CL, et al. J Appl Behav Anal. 2017 Apr;50(2):357-376. doi: 10.1002/jaba.376. Epub 2017 Feb 8. J Appl Behav Anal. 2017. PMID: 28177118 Free PMC article.
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is a commonly used treatment for severe problem behavior displayed by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. ...We analyzed the results across behavioral function and with regard to the use of functional versu …
Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is a commonly used treatment for severe problem behavior displayed by individuals with intel …
On the generality of preference for contingent reinforcement.
Gover HC, Hanley GP, Ruppel KW. Gover HC, et al. J Appl Behav Anal. 2022 Mar;55(2):318-336. doi: 10.1002/jaba.892. Epub 2021 Nov 25. J Appl Behav Anal. 2022. PMID: 34821380
Reinforcers can be delivered dependent on or independent of responding. ...We present an integrative summary of studies evaluating preference for contingent versus noncontingent reinforcement, including (a) study participants, reinforcer types, respons …
Reinforcers can be delivered dependent on or independent of responding. ...We present an integrative summary of studies evaluating pr …
852 results